Progress Achieved in Remote Sensing Research on Microcystin in Taihu Lake Cyanobacteria Bloom
Microcystins(MCs) is a most hazardous toxin that occurs most frequently and in largest amount in Cyanobacteria Bloom. It is a strong liver tumor-promoting agent that can poison the poultry to death and severely threaten the health of human beings. MCs’s hazard to water environment and human health has become one of the major environmental problems that arises the world’s attention. For example in 2014, the proportion of Microcystin in Lake Erie in the US exceeded the safety standard, leading to a drinking water supply crisis affecting 400 thousand citizens in Toledo, Ohio. As the result, it is of great importance to monitor MCs. The commonly used chemical detection method for MCs monitoring is time-consuming and inconvenient, as its result only indicates the condition near the monitoring site. The inherited advantage of remote sensing technique make itself a effective and powerful means in acquiring quickly the MCs’ temporal and spatial information. With the joint support by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and other programs, Zhang Yunlin’s research panel from Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS, has made a significant progress in developing a remote sensing estimation algorithm of MCs during Taihu Lake Cyanobacteria Bloom and a long-term dynamic evolution law. Relevant research finding has been carried on the newly published Environmental Science & Technology, a top journal in the field of environment. (Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49: 6448?6456)
The paper, firstly, on the basis of field remote sensing reflectivity data of chlorophyll and MCs, analyzed the inherent relationship and interaction mechanism between chlorophyll and MCs, with the result revealing that the chlorophyll can accurately indicate the amount of MCs during Taihu Lake cyanobacteria bloom. Secondly, the research has utilized the MODIS data products corrected with Rayleigh scattering and field synchronous chlorophyll data in establishing a spectral index that indicates the quantity of chlorophyll. Then, with this spectral index and field MCs data and using chlorophyll as the medium, a MODIS-data-based MCs remote sensing estimation model is established and verified. Based this model and in reference to the MCs temporal and spatial distribution pattern acquired by the MODIS data products corrected with Rayleigh scattering during Taihu Lake Cyanobacteria Bloom in 2003-2013, the research has found that Taihu Lake MCs has an obvious spatial-temporal heterogeneity; during Taihu Lake Cyanobacteria Bloom in 2003-2013, concentration of MCs was changing in the span of 1.01-7.86 μg/L, 2.97μg/L on average, apparently higher than 1 μg/L , the WHO recommended standard concentration of microcystins in drinking water. Spatially, concentration of MCs along Zhushan bay is the highest, while at the center of the lake, the lowest. The research has also revealed that MCs has close relation with temperature, sun light and wind speed, indicating that the temporal and spatial distribution of MCs in Taihu Lake is affected by the above three factors. This research has provided a new technical means for MCs monitoring, and further developed the remote sensing parameters of water environment. It is of great significance in guiding the application of remote sensing to water environment monitoring and the precaution and protection of the quality of water source.
For original text, link to:http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es505901a
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