At present, the annual water consumption by various industries is 550 billion tons, with agriculture being the largest water consumer, using 65% of the total. With the rapid social and economic development and continuous expanding of the size of city, the contradiction between industrial water supply, domestic water consumption and agricultural irrigation water has been more and more prominent. How to control agricultural production water consumption as largely as possible on the precondition of guaranteeing national food security has become a key problem facing the academic circle. As an important agricultural economic indicator, water use efficiency is also a link correlating the carbon cycle and the hydrologic cycle in ecosystem. The research on influence by such factors as tillage management pattern, irrigation method and climate change on farmland water use efficiency based on the real-time monitoring of major crops concerning their water use efficiency using temporal sequence remote sensing data will provide a theoretical foundation and scientific support for the management of agricultural water recourse.
With the financial support by National Natural Science Foundation, Key Projects of CAS and “One-Three-Five” Strategic Planning, the associate fellow Tang Xuguang with his research panel from the Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS, based on the eddy covariance technique and remote sensing data, has carried out a long-term temporal and spatial dynamic estimation on water use efficiency of major terrestrial ecosystems. The relevant research finding has been carried on Scientific Reports. Although the aforesaid research has indicated the problem that water use efficiency is the lowest in farmland ecosystem which is disturbed by intensified human activities, the academic circle has yet conducted the systematic research. Therefore, on the basis of previous achievement, Tang Xuguang, focusing his attention on this problem, has, on the one hand, proactively probed into a real-time monitoring with remote sensing method on short-term scale for the estimation of major crops’ water use efficiency, and on the other hand, aiming to push forward the research in relevant field, quantitatively evaluated the influence by the current farmland management measures on carbon storage and water use efficiency of ecosystem. Through the research, he has found that: 1) interannual water use efficiency of ecosystem can by accurately estimated using MODIS GPP and ET data, but on short-term scale, the estimation seems not to be effective, such that the water use efficiency at early stage of crop growth and after harvest is overestimated while that in growth period, severely underestimated; 2) Continuous time-series MODIS vegetation index has shown a great potential of remote sending estimation. Through an independent verification, the empirical model established on the basis of correlation analysis, it is revealed that this model is effective in tracing how the water use efficiency of major crops changes with the shift of seasons, thus it can be widely utilized; 3) through comparing and analyzing the results of major crops’ and forest’s GPP, ET and water use efficiency measured by remote sensing and by flux observation, the research has revealed that the uncertainty of MODIS GPP product is right the cause to 1), and proposed improvement measures correspondingly; 4) the researchers has quantitatively evaluated the water use efficiency and carbon storage of a corn/soybean rotation agro-ecosystem under the conventional tillage pattern (digging at total cultivated horizon) and the alternative tillage pattern (strip digging), revealing the water use efficiency is evidently improved under the alternative tillage pattern, while the carbon storage has shown significant differences between corn and soybean agro-ecosystem. Generally speaking, after two years crop rotation, it is revealed that carbon storage keeps equivalent under the two tillage patterns. Relevant research finding has been carried in an international journal of remote sensing and ecological engineering, Remote Sensing, Ecological Engineering, Environmental Earth Sciences, Chinese Geographical Science.